Nama : ilham marzuki
Bp : 409.493
E-mail : ilham.marz@yahoo.com
No Hp : 087792657348
Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Potensi Bisnis
Perkebunan Kalimantan
Terbit 16 Januari 2009
Pulau
Kalimantan memang dianugerahi berbagai macam sumber daya alamnya dan lahan
perkebunan yang luas. Kelapa sawit salah satunya. Usaha perkebunan kelapa sawit merupakan potensi bisnis perkebunan kalimantan yang sangat menguntungkan. Kelapa sawit sangat bermanfaat
mulai dari industri makanan
sampai industri kimia.
Industri
makanan mentega, shortening, coklat, additive, ice
cream, pakan ternak, minyak goreng,
produk obat–obatan dan kosmetik, krim, shampoo, lotion, pomade, vitamin and
beta carotene juga memerlukan minyak sawit.
Industri
berat dan ringan, industri kulit (untuk membuat kulit halus dan lentur dan
tahan terhadap tekanan tinggi atau temperatur tinggi), cold rolling and fluxing
agent pada industri perak, dan juga sebagai bahan pemisah dari material cobalt
dan tembaga di industri
logam juga membutuhkan bahan baku dari
hasil kelapa sawit.
Bahkan
minyak sawit dibutuhkan juga untuk industri kimia seperti detergen, sabun, dan
minyak. Sisa-sisa dari industri minyak sawit dapat digunakan sebagai bahan
bakar boiler, bahan semir furniture, bahan anggur.
Produk
Utama Kelapa Sawit
Produk
turunan CPO bisa dipasarkan untuk perusahaan yang memproduksi minyak goreng
kelapa sawit, margarine, shortening, vanaspati (Vegetable ghee), ice creams,
bakery fats, instans noodle, sabun dan detergent, cocoa butter extender,
chocolate dan coatings, specialty fats, dry soap mixes, sugar confectionary,
biskuit cream fats, filled milk, lubrication, textiles oils dan bio diesel.
Produk
turunan minyak inti sawit bisa dipasarkan untuk perusahaan yang memproduksi
shortening, cocoa butter substitute, specialty fats, ice cream, coffee
whitener/cream, sugar confectionary, biscuit cream fats, filled mild, imitation
cream, sabun, detergent,
shampoo dan kosmetik.
Ampas
Tandan Kelapa Sawit Bisa Dimanfaatkan
Selain
minyaknya, ampas tandan kelapa sawit merupakan sumber pupuk kalium dan
berpotensi untuk diproses menjadi pupuk organik melalui fermentasi
(pengomposan) aerob dengan penambahan mikroba alami yang akan memperkaya pupuk
yang dihasilkan.
Tandan
kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai alternatif pupuk organik,
pupuk kompos maupun pupuk kalium. Fungsi lain TKKS juga sebagi bahan serat
untuk bahan pengisi jok mobil dan matras, dan polipot.
Pelepah
pohon dan CPO dapat dijadikan ekstrak untuk Vitamin E. Batang pohon dapat
dijadikan “fiber board” untuk bahan baku mebel, kursi, meja, lemari dan
sebagainya. Ampas tandan/buangan sisa pabrik dapat dijadikan serbuk pengisi
kasur, bantalan kursi, dan sebagainya.
Pasar
Kelapa Sawit
Secara
historis pertumbuhan produksi minyak sawit dunia selama dua dasawarsa terakhir
ini mengalami kenaikan sekitar 7,3% pertahun. Perkembangan minyak sawit dunia
ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh produksi minyak sawit dari negara Malaysia dan
Indonesia yang memberikan kontribusi sebesar 80% dari produksi dunia.
Berdasarkan
data Oil Word diperkirakan produksi CPO lima tahun ke depan akan meningkat tapi
lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan konsumsi masyarakat dunia. Tingkat produksi CPO
dunia masih dikuasai oleh Malaysia dengan pengusaan 50% market dunia, sedangkan
Indonesia berada pada tingkat kedua dengan 30% penguasaan market dunia. Saat
ini Indonesia dan Malaysia merupakan produsen utama CPO dunia dengan menguasai
lebih dari 80% pangsa pasar.
Negara-negara
produsen lainnya, seperti Nigeria, Kolombia, Thailand, Papua Nugini, dan bahkan
Pantai Gading, boleh dibilang hanya menjadi pelengkap. Malaysia menempati
peringkat teratas dengan volume produksi pada 2003 mencapai 13,35 juta ton.
Sementara Indonesia masih 9,75 juta ton. Menurut ramalan Oil World, volume
produksi CPO Indonesia pada 2010 bakal mencapai 12 juta ton.
Namun,
agaknya ramalan itu bakal meleset. Sebab, pada 2004 saja volume produksi CPO
Indonesia sudah mencapai 11,5 juta ton. Itu sebabnya banyak kalangan optimis
volume produksi CPO Indonesia bakal segera mengalahkan Malaysia, terlebih jika
melihat luas lahan di Malaysia yang kian terbatas, sementara di Indonesia masih
begitu luas.
Produksi
minyak sawit (CPO) di dalam negeri diserap oleh industri pangan terutama
industri minyak goreng dan industri non pangan seperti industri kosmetik dan
farmasi. Namun, potensi pasar paling besar adalah industri minyak goreng.
Potensi
tersebut terlihat dari semakin bertambahnya jumlah penduduk yang berimplikasi
pada pertambahan kebutuhan pangan terutama minyak goreng. Sampai tahun 1997
produksi minyak goreng Indonesia baru mencapai 3,1 juta ton dengan kontribusi
minyak goreng sawit 2,3 juta ton (74 %). Kebutuhan untuk memproduksi minyak
goreng sawit sebesar itu memerlukan 3,3 juta ton minyak sawit.
Penetapan
Harga
Pada
dasarnya, ada 2 kekuatan besar yang berpengaruh pada pembentukan harga
komoditas kelapa sawit, yaitu kekuatan pasar (marketing forces) dan
pengendalian oleh pemerintah (government intervention).
Dengan
demikian, penetapan harga kelapa sawit didasarkan pada kekuatan pasar, tingkat
persaingan dan juga pengendalian pemerintah. Setelah itu penetapan harga kelapa
sawit harus disesuaikan dengan harga jual dalam dan luar negeri, dengan
perincian sebagai berikut:
1.
Harga jual dalam negeri.
Kedudukan minyak kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku minyak
goreng yang merupakan 9 bahan pokok menyebabkan pemerintah tidak berlepas
tangan. Disini perusahaan perkebunan kelapa sawit berhadapan dengan pihak
prosesor, yang oleh pemerintah sudah ditentukan bahwa harga jual produksi
prosesor dalam bentuk minyak goreng harus terjangkau oleh rakyat, sehingga mau
tidak mau perusahaan harus menyesuaikan dengan kebijakan pemerintah tersebut.
2.
Harga jual luar negeri.
Penetapan harga dilakukan dengan cara open tender atau
dengan cara competitive bidding. Demi kelancaran perluasan pasar dan pengamanan
terhadap risiko sengketa, risiko claim, atau hal-hal lain yang dapat merugikan,
dalam kontrak penjualan akan menggunakan ketentuan yang telah diatur oleh
International Trade Association (Asosiasi Komoditi International). Dengan
adanya faktor-faktor penetapan harga tersebut diatas, perusahaan kelak akan
terus meneruskan melakukan penghematan biaya produksi guna menghasilkan marjin
laba yang signifikan.
Risiko Bisnis Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit
1.
Pencurian Hasil Panen
Lahan budidaya yang luas dan jumlah kelapa sawit yang banyak
mengakibatkan susahnya pengawasan dan pengontrolan. Pencurian dan penjarahan
hasil panen selalu saja terjadi. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut perlu adanya
pengamanan yang ekstra. Tetapi untuk merealisasikan hal tersebut dibutuhkan
biaya yang tidak sedikit.
2.
Gagal Panen
Penyakit dalam bentuk jamur, gulma dan hama yang menyerang
pada perkebunan kelapa sawit sangat sulit dihilangkan dan bisa menular ke
seluruh areal perkebunan, sehingga mengakibatkan gagal panen.
3.
Harga yang Naik Turun
Harga pasar sewaktu-waktu dapat naik dan turun karena kelapa
sawit merupakan komoditas yabg harganya mengikuti pasar di dunia dan kebijakan
pemerintah. Hal ini bisa berdampak bagi siapapun yang bergerak di bidang
perkebunan kelapa sawit.
sumber gambar : perkebunan.kalitimprov.go.id
Published
January 16, 2009
Oil
palm plantation business is the business potential of highly profitable
plantation Kalimantan
The island of Borneo was awarded a
variety of natural resources and vast plantations. Palm one. Oil palm
plantation business is the business potential of highly profitable plantation
Kalimantan. Coconut oil is very beneficial from the food industry to the
chemical industry.
The food industry butter, shortening,
chocolate, additives, ice cream, animal feed, cooking oil, pharmaceutical
products and cosmetics, creams, shampoo, lotion, pomade, vitamins and beta carotene
also require palm oil.
Heavy and light industry, leather industry
(to make the skin smooth and supple and resistant to high pressure or high
temperature), cold rolling and fluxing agent on the silver industry, as well as
the material of the separator material cobalt and copper in the metal industry
also requires raw materials of the oil palm.
Even palm oil is also required for the
chemical industry such as detergents, soaps, and oils. The remains of the palm
oil industry can be used as boiler fuel, furniture polish ingredients, wine
materials.
Palm
Oil Products
Derivative products can be marketed to
companies that produce palm oil, margarine, shortening, Vanaspati (Vegetable
ghee), ice creams, bakery fats, instances noodle, soap and detergent, cocoa
butter extender, chocolate and coatings, specialty fats, dry soap mixes, sugar
confectionary, biscuit cream fats, filled milk, lubrication, oils and bio
diesel Textiles.
Palm kernel oil derived products could
be marketed to companies that produce shortening, cocoa butter substitute,
specialty fats, ice cream, coffee whitener / cream, sugar confectionary,
biscuit cream fats, filled mild, imitation cream, soap, detergent, shampoo and
cosmetics.
Bunches
of Oil Palm residues Can be Used
In addition to oil, palm bunches pulp is
a source of potash fertilizer and the potential to be processed into organic
fertilizer through fermentation (composting) with the addition of aerobic
microbes that will enrich the experience of manure produced.
Oil palm empty fruit bunches (TKKS) can
be used as an alternative organic fertilizers, compost and fertilizer
potassium. Other functions as well as a fiber material TKKS for car seat filler
and mattresses, and polipot.
Tree bark and palm oil can be used to
extract Vitamin E. The trunk can be used as a "fiber board" for the
raw materials of furniture, chairs, desks, cabinets and so forth. Munitions
residues / waste the rest of the plant can be used as a powder filler
mattresses, cushions, and so forth.
Palm
Oil Market
Historically the growth of world palm
oil production during the last two decades has increased approximately 7.3% per
year. Development of the world's palm oil is highly influenced by the
production of palm oil from Malaysia and Indonesia that the country accounts
for 80% of world production.
Based on data from Oil Word CPO production
is expected next five years will increase but smaller than the consumption of
the world. CPO production level the world is still dominated by Malaysia with
the procurement of 50% of the world market, while Indonesia is located on the
second level with 30% mastery of the world market. Currently Indonesia and
Malaysia is the world's leading producer of palm oil to control more than 80%
market share.
Other producing countries, like Nigeria,
Colombia, Thailand, Papua New Guinea, the Ivory Coast and even, arguably only
be a complement. Malaysia ranked top with volume production in 2003 reached
13.35 million tons. While Indonesia was 9.75 million tons. According to Oil
World forecast, Indonesia CPO production volume in 2010 will reach 12 million
tons.
However, it seems it would miss
forecasts. Because, in 2004 only Indonesia CPO production volume has reached
11.5 million tons. That's why many people are optimistic Indonesia CPO
production volume will soon be defeated Malaysia, especially if you look at the
land area in Malaysia is more limited, while in Indonesia is still so
widespread.
Production of palm oil (CPO) in the country is absorbed by the food industry and the oil industry, especially non-food industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. However, the greatest market potential is the cooking oil industry.
Potential is evident from the increase of population has implications for the accretion of cooking oil, especially food. Until 1997 Indonesia oil production reached 3.1 million tons of palm oil while contributing 2.3 million tonnes (74%). The need to produce palm oil for it requires 3.3 million tonnes of palm oil.
Production of palm oil (CPO) in the country is absorbed by the food industry and the oil industry, especially non-food industries such as cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. However, the greatest market potential is the cooking oil industry.
Potential is evident from the increase of population has implications for the accretion of cooking oil, especially food. Until 1997 Indonesia oil production reached 3.1 million tons of palm oil while contributing 2.3 million tonnes (74%). The need to produce palm oil for it requires 3.3 million tonnes of palm oil.
Price
fixing
Basically, there are two major forces
that affect the formation of palm oil commodity prices, the strength of the
market (marketing forces) and control by the government (government
intervention).
Thus, palm oil pricing based on market
forces, the level of competition and government control. After the
establishment of palm oil prices have adjusted the price at home and abroad,
with the following details:
1. Domestic selling prices.
The
position of palm oil as cooking oil feedstock is a staple 9 causing the
government is not innocent hands. Oil palm plantation companies here are
dealing with the processor, which the government has determined that the price
of production of the processor in the form of cooking oil should be affordable
by the people, so inevitably the company had to adjust to the policy of the
government.
2. The selling price abroad.
Pricing is done
by open tender or by way of competitive bidding. For smooth expansion of the
market and safeguard against the risk of disputes, the risk of claim, or other
matters that may be detrimental, in the sales contract will use the terms
regulated by the International Trade Association (the Association of
International Commodity). Given the pricing factors mentioned above, the
company will continue to forward to the future production cost savings in order
to generate a significant profit margin.
Business
risk of Palm Oil
1. Crop theft
Extensive
cultivation of oil palm and the amount that a lot of hard lead supervision and
control. Theft and looting of the crop always happen. To anticipate the need
for extra security. But to realize this will cost quite a bit.
2. Failed Harvests
In
the form of fungal diseases, weeds and pests that attack on the oil palm
plantations is very difficult to remove and can spread to the entire plantation
area, resulting in crop failure.
3.
The price Up Down
Market prices are subject to ups and downs
because of palm oil is a commodity price by follow world markets and government
policies. This could have implications for anyone engaged in oil palm
plantations.
image source:
perkebunan.kalitimprov.go.id